tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-89731622024-03-08T08:17:52.064+05:30Stranded in the PresentManju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.comBlogger452125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-65728773139383566522023-01-14T22:03:00.002+05:302023-01-14T22:04:01.933+05:30Rationale for Caste Reservations - notes<p></p><blockquote> <span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 18px;">Therefore, the tendency to point out a well-to-do Dalit (or any other marginalised position), while pointing out an economically unfortunate person from a forward caste, stems from the very fact that both are anomalies.</span></blockquote><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 18px;"></span><p></p><p><span style="color: #444444; font-family: PT Serif, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;"><a href="https://www.epw.in/journal/2023/2/postscript/generational-capital-and-%E2%80%98privileged-bahujan%E2%80%99.html" target="_blank">Generational Capital and the Privileged Bahujan</a></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 18px;"><span style="color: #444444; font-family: PT Serif, serif;">I had expressed similar thoughts previously <a href="https://bantwal.blogspot.com/2017/11/rationale-for-caste-reservations.html" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;"></span></p><blockquote>That makes me wonder whether an odd poor Brahmin invokes more sympathy not just for himself but for his whole caste because he himself was and is an anomaly. A rich Dalit getting benefits of the reservations sets tongues wagging, - even though, the caste altogether always struggle to fill their justified proportion in education or job- because a rich Dalit is an anomaly. Thus those individual cases are generalized for the whole Dalit castes.</blockquote><p></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: "PT Serif", serif; font-size: 18px;"><br /></span></p>Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-22836243594955784912021-05-31T20:38:00.000+05:302021-05-31T20:38:15.158+05:30Original Father of Dravidian Speakers - VIII<p><b> Original Dravidian :</b> </p><p>mother: aayi </p><p>Now found mostly among central Indian Dravidian tribes and Marathis and Konkanis. Among Marathis and Konkanis it could be Dravidian maternal lineages or Dravidian substrate. Its usage among some of the Kannada castes is due to Maratha influence in northern Karnataka region. Ironically, the term which was lost but reappeared because of non-Dravidian speakers.</p><p>So, the equivalent should be 'aaya' for father. Now observed only in Telugu as 'nayana'(my father).</p><p><b>Dravidian mixed with Harappan:</b></p><p>mother: amma, appa</p><p>father: appa, amma</p><p><b>Dravidian+Harappan mixed with Prakrits:</b></p><p>father: accha, ayya (equivalent to 'arya')</p><p>Others:</p><p>avva: most likely derived from 'amma'</p><p>akka, anna: result of consanguineous marriages</p>Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-60688683126520171682021-05-23T20:44:00.002+05:302021-05-24T14:00:11.503+05:30Ab ke hum bichray he... by Ahmad Faraz / Mehdi Hassan<p> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">After
we say good-bye this time,</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">we
may only meet in dreams...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Quite
like dried up flowers</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">sometimes
turn up in books...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Go,
search for loyalty</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">among
troubled and lost people...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">These
rare jewels will possibly </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">be
found among these and no where...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">You
are not God, </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">and
neither is my love divine...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">When
the two are human, </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">then
why the need to hide behind veils....</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Bring
other troubles of this world,</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">and
mix with the pain of your beloved....</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Intoxication mounts up, just like</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">on
mixing different drinks together...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">After
we say good-bye this time,</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">we
may only meet in dreams...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">Quite
like dried up flowers</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;">sometimes
turn up in books...</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>
SHEhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13745372398687632767noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-25807932924070764592021-03-21T21:40:00.007+05:302021-03-21T22:24:21.076+05:30Hum Dekhenge... By Faiz Ahmed Faiz (A translation) <p class="MsoNormal"><i> </i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>We shall see, I’m certain that we will see….</i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>We shall see, I’m certain that we will see….</i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">What promise tomorrow brings, we will see…</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">What’s written in the heart of men, we will see…</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i> - 1 - <br /></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">When the mountain of injustice in front of us,</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">blows away as cotton. </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">The earth under the feet of us common men, </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">quivers with deafening sound,</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">And the sky over the people who rule us,</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">breaks with blinding lightening....</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>We shall see, I’m certain that we will see….</i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> </i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> <span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>- 2 - </span><br /></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">When all the symbols of oppression are removed</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">from this land,</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">We, the common and righteous men, would be placed </span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">on the pedestal.</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">All crowns would be thrown away,</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;">All seats of power would be burnt to ashes....</span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><a name="_MailAutoSig"><span></span></a><span>We shall see, I’m
certain that we will see….</span></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span> </span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span> <span><i><span> - 3 - </span></i></span><br /></span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span>Only the name of the divine will remain,</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span><span>Who is invisible but </span></span><span>also
present,</span><br /><span></span></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>
Who sees everything and is also</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>a sight to behold…<br /><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span> <span><i><span> - 4 - </span></i></span></span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span></span></i><span><span>And there will a voice of
truth rising all over</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>which will be me, and
also you…</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>And it will be a rule of
common men</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span>which will be me, and
also you…</span></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span> </span></i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>We shall see, I’m certain that we will see….</i></span></p><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>
</i></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>We shall see, I’m certain that we will see….</i></span><br /><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p>
SHEhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13745372398687632767noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-39553766224496729482021-02-14T14:36:00.009+05:302021-02-18T13:53:15.538+05:30Betrayal of Malayali Muslims<p> My first encounter with communalism was after the demolition of the Babri Mosque. The stories I was hearing was how my relatives or Malayali Hindus in general who resided in Kasaragod (northern Kerala) but worked in Mangaluru, Karnataka (adjacent region) would stay back in Mangaluru if it was late. They had to move from a Muslim majority part of Kasaragod and the fear psychosis was too high. I heard the story of my relative, a communist party worker, being hacked to death in a Muslim majority area in Kasaragod. I also heard from my relatives that the Muslims indulging in violence in that region were the ones who had migrated to Mumbai and moved back after facing Hindu communal frenzy in the aftermath of Babri Mosque demolition. Then there were tit-for-tat murders of some of the most vulnerable. Compared to the left dominated Kerala region, the Hindutva dominated Karnataka region where I lived was relatively calm. This I felt was a real irony.</p><p>The dominant ethos of Keralan society has always been Leftwing ideology. This ideology has consistently opposed the Hindutva movement in general and the Babri Mosque demolition in particular. There have been multiple clashes between the Left and the RSS (the Hindutva movement) which left scores dead. So, in a nutshell Muslims had no business to create any nuisance in Kerala.</p><p>One may argue, it was a minority but that's where the betrayal becomes apparent. The Hindutva party, BJP, could never get any seat( a situation hasn't changed much even today though its vote share has increased considerably). However, the Muslim majority district of Malappuram always elected the candidates from the Muslim League. For a long time, the MP from the district was not even a Malayali Muslim. Basically, Malayali Muslims when they could elect a candidate on their own they chose a communal party. This despite the fact that all other parties would have chosen a Muslim candidate. How is this different from communal Hindus voting for the BJP? To make the matters worse, this had been happening long before the BJP was even a potent political power. </p><p>The Muslim League is supposedly moderate. But one could take the similar line with communal Hindus too. Compared to Muslims, Hindus in general are a more open society with girls having relatively better freedom. There is not much difference between secular Hindus and communal Hindus in this case. What should worry all of us, is the identity based politics of both the Muslim League and the BJP. Majority Malayali Muslims haven't acquitted themselves admirably in this case.</p><p>After the Babri Mosque demolition, there was a flurry of Muslim fundamentalist parties in Kerala (the menace of which has spread to Karnataka too). One can argue, that was a direct response to Hindutva communalism as all regions of India are so closely integrated. But it's still a betrayal of Keralan ethos. More than that it's a mockery Kerala mainstream culture. Do those bigots think such blatant communalism in a region known for its hardcore leftist movement will not be observed people in other regions of India, who would then draw their own conclusions? </p><p>This betrayal can't be undone unless every Muslim identity party whether moderate or extreme ceases to operate in Kerala.</p>Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-9086559783874789712020-10-01T23:24:00.001+05:302020-10-14T16:07:45.340+05:30Marx on Religion and CastePast few months have demonstrated that the people can have delusional happiness by not only consuming narcotics but also consuming news about it[1]. For many of us, it also reminded Karl Marx’s metaphorical use of it. In the present situation, it’s rather intriguing how this narcotic is so closely interlinked with a religious right-wing government and with all its shenanigans literally and figuratively.<div><br />When you see some of the Hindu sects/groups consuming opium as part of the religious traditions, one could almost make a comment that it’s a literal demonstration of Marx’s irreligious observation. It’s as if some people have understood all they need is the stimulation of neurotransmitters to experience god. This psychedelic expression is observed in other religions too. </div><div><br />Sufi Islam’s obsession with wine and women as manifestations of god experience, the trance that is found in many religions, are probably some of the other examples. These are extreme cases of religions but in general every ritualization serves the same purpose. In some parts of India, rituals have been infantilized with activities like keeping the dolls or enacting child’s games with the deity. Some religious people would explain it as the literal expression of the philosophical understanding that the world is a theatre and humans are dolls in a puppet show. Overlooking the fact that gods are part of the puppets(or the only puppets, it’s as if tit for tat puppet show), we may find that (which is true for any explanation of god or ritual) the philosophical understanding itself is limited by the knowledge of man-made institutions. While we can dismiss religious people’s unmethodical explanations, one would wonder whether Marx was thorough in his observation or not.</div><div><br />It probably ambitious of me to criticize Marx without fully understanding his structural-functionality approach to Socialism, but I believe, I can point out the variables he might have overlooked before making the observations on religion.</div><div><br />Before venturing into religion, I should comment on the other area where I feel his observation failed completely, the caste system. According to Marx[2]:</div><div><br /><blockquote>“the caste system of India was based on the hereditary division of labour, which was inseparably linked with the unchanging technological base and subsistence economy of the Indian village community.”</blockquote></div><div><br />It’s true that many castes are occupation based. However, it’s strictly not division of labour in Adam Smith’s terms. Here the division of labour is intra-caste than inter-caste. Also, the division of the occupation is hierarchical than isolationist. Privileged castes could take up other occupations without the loss of their caste. The unchanging technological base and subsistence economy were the results of the caste system than the foundations. However, the biggest drawback was that, Marx didn’t understand that the foundation was purity and pollution rules as correctly observed by many Indian sociologists. Even Gandhi, with all his casteist biases understood this fact and tried things like cleaning the toilets. I consider Marx’s theory on the caste system is flawed mainly because the dogmatic Marxists of India failed miserably when it comes to the caste system. The class system is part of the caste system, however, in India, the class struggle has no meaning without the caste struggle. I would even say, the class struggle is irrelevant in Indian society. Marx correctly observed how the caste system degenerated the Indian society. However, it should have been up to the Indian Marxists to come out with a proper explanation on the foundation of the caste system based on their direct experience than building upon the Marx’s flawed theory. I believe this lack of direct experience or feeling about the caste system in Marx’s theory can also be observed in his views on religion.</div><div><br />The main variable that Marx missed about religion was ‘identity’. He only talked about ritualization, but failed to notice how religious identity also plays a big part as it is the only basis for pride or self-worth for many people. Marx missed this point as religious identity didn’t play any part in his life. </div><div><br />Marx’s father converted to Catholicism from Judaism to overcome the oppressive limitations enforced by the Christian government. As an oppressed community, many Jews would have strongly clung to the religious identity as an act of defiance. But for Marx’s family, a religious identity by itself was irrelevant. It should be noted that Marx’s father too was a revolutionary for a liberal society. His pragmatism was based on enlightened view about the religious identity than the opportunist turn. With this background, it’s no wonder that Marx didn’t see religious identity as a matter of pride or shame. Religion not only provides illusory happiness but also illusory pride. This aspect is missed completely in his observation about religions.</div><div><br /></div><div>[1] https://scroll.in/article/972593/rhea-chakraborty-arrest-shows-how-india-sees-drug-addiction-as-moral-failing-not-the-illness-it-is</div><div><br />[2] <a href="https://www.cpim.org/marxist/200203_marxist_caste&class_jbando.htm?fbclid=IwAR3BgTA3xjO3zpdh-jima3RP1xcIDnLMtlmGmC7dpTUUf8p5fcnhnDot8DY">https://www.cpim.org/marxist/200203_marxist_caste&class_jbando.htm</a></div>Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-50243986208181561512020-09-18T10:58:00.003+05:302020-09-18T21:01:33.076+05:30OBC Illusion of Caste Liberation<p> One of my relatives is against reservations and the term 'OBC' in general. According to him, we should be allowed to get on with our lives without any of these terminologies defining us. </p><p>Some of my other relatives have the same opinion. They are against reservations and feel it didn't help them in anyway and they were further burdened by the negative portrayal and mockery of the OBCs by the privileged castes.</p><p>There is a grain of truth in this about the affirmative action if you consider numerically smaller castes like mine[1]. Most of the reservation benefits are cornered by the numerically stronger OBC castes. However, it need not be a deliberate injustice, as the effective qualified population of the numerically stronger castes is far higher as compared to the smaller castes and the jobs and education seats are highly limited. Also, the OBC reservation percentage(27%) is far lower than the OBC proportion (40-80%) in the population. With the new EWS (reservations for privileged castes), the situation has become worse for them. But it doesn't negate the fact that the opportunities are still better with the limited reservations for all OBC castes than the situation with no reservation.</p><p>But what these anti-reservation, anti-OBC relatives fail to understand is their lived experience as under-privileged castes is still true. The person I mentioned in the beginning of this post, started his own civil engineering consultancy. However, he had to close it down as he couldn't compete against the Telugu speaking feudal caste contractors in Bengaluru. According to him, they have a vice like grip on the construction scene because of their money and muscle power. While explaining this he made a strange observation.</p><p>He felt, the Telugu feudal caste had the monopoly because the Kannada feudal caste was weak and Tulu feudal caste didn't have numbers. He would have had a better chance if the native(Kannada/Tulu) feudal castes were stronger as the Telugu feudal caste was highly parochial as they wouldn't allow anyone else to prosper.</p><p>The whole conversation was a surreal experience. I wondered whether he was aware how pitiable situation OBCs like him find themselves in because of caste realities.</p><p>- He failed in a venture because a privileged caste has monopolized the industry</p><p>- He was hoping other privileged castes to counter them as he felt his own caste stood no chance</p><p>That's exactly the caste reality he has faced but doesn't even realizes it. The problem is failures make people put the blame completely on themselves. This probably is heightened by the "lower caste" birth. The failure to recognize injustice of the caste system stops them from identifying with the OBC identity.</p><p>Reference:</p><p>1. <a href="https://theprint.in/india/governance/less-than-1-of-obc-castes-corner-50-reservation-benefits-20-get-none-govt-panel-finds/458860/" target="_blank">Less than 1% of OBC castes corner 50% reservation benefits, 20% get none, govt panel finds</a><br /></p>Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-68472817104618181382020-05-20T13:20:00.000+05:302020-05-20T21:53:39.776+05:30OBCs and Affirmative Action - v<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
I always felt the lack of a collective identity of OBCs was the biggest reason why they, as a group, were regularly fooled by Hindutva. Playing up their insecurities with Muslims and Dalits, the Hindutva has managed to channel the strong anti-Muslim and anti-Dalit feeling to their political and social advantage.<br />
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For a time after the Mandal commission report, the OBC representation in politics was reaching their proportion in the general population. However, the privileged castes seem to be getting back to their disproportionate representation owing to the support of communalized OBCs. However, nothing compares to the way they have been regularly fooled in affirmative action.<br />
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Previously, in some cases, they weren't allowed to compete in general category thus ensuring the disproportionate reservation for the privileged castes, whereas, the actual reservation for the OBCs was lower than their representation in the general population. Now, we have <a href="https://www.edexlive.com/news/2020/may/11/why-denial-of-obc-reservation-in-all-india-quota-for-medical-seats-is-a-social-injustice-11935.html" target="_blank">a new situation </a>where OBCs are completely deprived of their reservation and to rub it on the privileged caste reservation have it intact when it comes to all India Medical seats.<br />
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"Since 2017, the OBCs have been denied reservations both in PG/UG medical seats under All India Quota. Thus, they are denied 3000 seats every year which are transferred to General Category. This year also, the same injustice continues," the association's General Secretary, G Karunanidhy said.</blockquote>
It's difficult to sympathise with the OBCs when you see their bigotry and casteism in the present situation. Their baggage of insecurity and inferiority complex is both frustrating and pitiful.</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-90165150358563163652020-04-15T08:24:00.000+05:302020-04-16T16:54:37.937+05:30Creating Diversionary Gods<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In one place, Hindutva is trying to create a god out of Ambedkar by continuously shouting that the Congress committed blasphemy against him and on the other hand, it’s jailing Dalit scholars who embody Ambedkar’s intellectual outlook in the public life. This zeal to make Ambedkar a hallowed figure who should have been respected more is a diversionary tactic. Most of our gods serve the same purpose.<br />
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Ambedkar was a scholar who once observed drily that both Gandhi and Jinnah had been made demigods by Hindus and Muslims respectively. For him, that kind of personality cult was detrimental to society in general. Now, of course, the question is, can there be any good in this? Gandhi as a representative of a pacifist god who fought against colonial slavery or, Jinnah as a secular god (since that was what he wished for Pakistan after dividing the country in the name of religion), could have made any difference?</div>
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We do know that neither of them turned into such gods. Basically, the personality cult is created by the followers and it’s their idea how a person needs to be worshipped that creates the legacy (unlike the godmen/women who create their own personality cults). Many rationalists and social scientists have opined that creating gods has been beneficial for the dominant classes as they could control the common people with a system called religion. However, in many cases, the gods or spirits come from the lower strata of society. How does that fit here?</div>
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In my region, we propitiate many spirits whose origins were from lower castes or women who suffered. According to Marxist historians (or at least a Marxist historian from Kerala), it’s a way for the underprivileged castes to create a safe space for themselves from the oppressing privileged castes. We have Kordabbu, a Dalit who suffered because of the casteism becoming a ‘daiva’(spirit) or Siri, a woman who suffered because of the patriarchal (even though the region was matrilineal) oppression becoming a ‘daiva’. Did Dalits and women get their safe space in old times because they had these spirits guarding them? A laughable conjecture. In fact, the privileged caste males had easily assimilated those worship within their religious sphere and actually oversaw them. The worship is not about the suffering but about the miracles or materialist betterment or about the basic fears of infertility and diseases. None of these has anything to do with societal drawbacks that led to the sufferings of those people and which continued to oppress the majority of the population. <br />
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Could Kordabbu have been a more effective spirit? What if the power of the spirit was in protecting people who suffered caste oppression or in punishing people for the caste oppression? Would that have put doubts in the privileged caste men? Would that have brought down the caste system?<br />
In the story of Siri, she was conned and made to fend for herself by the menfolk. She was attacked too. However, while she suffered the material loss, she didn’t get raped. She performed a miracle and escaped from the situation (or punished the men). I suppose a tragedy figure because of physical and material suffering was acceptable to become a spirit but getting raped would have made her impure and she would never have been treated as a spirit. I wonder if we have any spirits who were raped. Could they have been effective spirits against the sexual attacks against women? Could Siri have been more effective as a daiva against abusive men?<br />
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Neither Kordabbu nor Siri as spirits could change the system that made them suffer in the first place. As I discussed previously, in the folk story of Mangale, she renounced the privileged life to be with her love. However, Brahmanical narrative has turned her into a materialist goddess(who in the earlier days was worshipped as a spirit) for the aspirational class. Whatever might be the origin of these spirits, the later narratives were created by privileged men. Whatever might be the identity and background of those spirits, now they speak the privileged tongue. The privileged men could never understand or identify with the caste or women oppression as they themselves were oppressors and more importantly hugely benefited from it. And for generations they knew that they got away with it, so it’s inconceivable for them that any spirit would punish them for those atrocities. Their fear and desire were related to wealth, health and security which they had, unlike the underprivileged ones. <br />
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The Marxist theory that religion for privileged men is a way to control society and for underprivileged people is a way to create a safe space for them is only half-truth. In reality, religious space has always been controlled by privileged men. They allow a token identity for the underprivileged in their sphere to give them an illusion of dignity.</div>
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This is the same game plan being played by Hindutvites. Ambedkar’s natural heirs are the intellectuals and scholars of the Dalits. Ambedkar’s true spirit lives in them. However, Hindutva wants to suppress them but wants to create a god out of Ambedkar for the aspirational class Dalits to give them a token identity. I wonder if they will succeed or not.</div>
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Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-6784473718946314492020-04-06T12:25:00.002+05:302020-04-06T12:26:51.438+05:30Random thoughts - Positivity or Wishing Away?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In my opinion, symbolic solidarity should be community-driven events. The government shouldn’t get involved in it. People should show solidarity with the government by following the rules and regulations enforced by it to mitigate a situation. Any symbolism, they should be sceptical.<br />
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In any dire situation, you could be one of the three players. A person in power, who needs to make decisions and come up with plans to mitigate the situation. A person not directly affected by it but also has no say in anything. A person who is directly affected by the situation. I would consider the issue of manual scavenging as an example here. </div>
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Mr Modi in his book(now withdrawn) ‘Karmayog’ wrote that manual scavenging could have been a “spiritual experience” for some of the Dalit castes. It is one of the positivity that the caste apologists routinely dispense of.</div>
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Manual scavenging is a problem. Wishing away the problem by viewing it in a positive light as a spiritual experience means different things to all those three players.</div>
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For a person in power, it’s just shirking responsibility under the guise of hoodwinking positivity. For an unaffected person, it’s a way to feel good about themself by reinterpreting the guilty feeling and imagining it non-existent. For the person affected, that kind of thought is unthinkable(the statement angered many Dalits) or if they are forced to accept that, it shows the total breakdown of their life or total hopelessness of their situation.</div>
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That is an extreme example. Normal people might not think in that way. But there are other situations, where people try to channelize positivity in the name of solidarity. But the difference, between the people who have power and the people who don’t, remains the same as in the above example. Italians showing regular solidarity during the crisis which is organized through social media messages or we holding candlelight vigils for our fallen soldiers within our own communities are like second or third group people with no actual power. But if a government does it, it’s a different matter.<br />
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We need to show solidarity with the government by being obedient to the laws it enacts to mitigate the situation but we need to be sceptical if the government itself indulges in symbolic solidarity. It’s basically shielding itself from any kind of criticism by equating its inadequacy even with all the power to the common people’s guilt feeling borne out of the helplessness or lack of power. It’s also very evident from the previous solidarity symbolism that people tend to misunderstand it and make the matters worse. The community-wise spontaneous solidarity gestures are still welcome as it doesn’t give additional work to government organizations to clear up other mess that might arise.</div>
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Reference:<br />
<a href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pm-modis-views-manual-scavenging-have-changed-quite-bit-over-seven-years?fbclid=IwAR2FNjYdptVFyCXNzoeyi60K2vXiRPSp-Qg5wQ2vXORYeeos0NQZMO-1sjw">https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/pm-modis-views-manual-scavenging-have-changed-quite-bit-over-seven-years</a></div>
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Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-19491242234354702762020-01-05T18:34:00.000+05:302020-01-05T18:34:00.193+05:30Hindutva Movement and Muslim Population Growth - II<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
One can’t help but notice that all the fiasco surrounding Assam NRC disaster is the direct outcome of the exaggerated claims of the Vinod Rai height made by the Hindutvites against the Bangladeshi Muslims. According to the report, out of the 19 lakh illegal immigrants more than 50% are Hindus. This is probably not unknown to Bengalis themselves as I’ve heard one of them making a comment, a few years ago, that more Hindu Bengalis than Muslim Bengalis are migrating to India.<div>
<br />However, it’s undeniable that Muslim percentage in Assamese population shot up in recent decades. What we need is an analysis of this phenomenon. My previous post on this same subject, I mentioned how Hindutva movement turned Muslims further inward looking which resulted in a slower decline in the birthrate. I wonder whether that could be the case in Assam too.</div>
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<br />A situation similar to Babri Mosque demolition happened in Assam a decade before that. The Nellie massacre of 1983 supposedly against the non-Assamese but which resulted in the massacre of thousands of Bengali Muslims. Now let us compare birthrates of Bengali Muslims in Bangladesh, West Bengal and Assam.<br />According to 2011 census:<br />Bangladesh: 2.3<br />West Bengal: 2.2<br />Assam: 3.1</div>
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<br />While the Bengali Muslims in Bangladesh and West Bengal show similar birthrates, Assam’s Bengali Muslims have nearly an additional child in each family. What are the social factors responsible for this difference when all belong to the same linguistic/ethnic group? In my opinion, it’s the communalization of Assamese society. I wonder whether this new NRC-CAA lunacy will further slow down the declining Muslim population growth in India.</div>
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Reference:</div>
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<a href="https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/human-development/hindu-muslim-fertility-differentials-in-india-what-do-district-level-estimates-from-census-2011-tell-us.html" target="_blank">Hindu-Muslim fertility differentials in India: District-level estimates from Census 2011</a></div>
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Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-5485077995383091332019-10-12T14:42:00.003+05:302019-10-14T11:23:28.034+05:30Race and Medicine - III<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-49959738?fbclid=IwAR0mrP2RwpNm9tOUcrjHnW1FdpIZ52K4yqd3HQC_-7-s7FlJYKwCeuIRA6U" target="_blank">Batten disease girl given custom-made drug</a></div>
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<span style="color: #1d2129; font-family: "helvetica" , "arial" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 14px;">O</span></span>ne of the said goals of Population Genetics studies on human genetic genealogy was its application in medicine. The argument was the drugs can’t be universal as there are differences among humans. Finding out the distinct groups among humans and tailoring medicines to those individual groups was the supposed motivation.<br />
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Many suspected the whole exercise was a disguise to give scientific background to racism by creating categories of humans. Some of the scientists part of these studies were known to harbour racial prejudices. The studies energised White supremacists on the web.<br />
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The studies that started in the late nineties saw the emergence of bloggers and sites where individuals armed with statistical tools mined the studies and came up with their own theories. It was a rare mixture of racial prejudice and scientific neutrality. Only intellectual dishonesty required to reconcile them both as they struggled to come up with new definitions for the race.<br />
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The studies showed the differences but also the admixture and clinal variation which were a nightmare of racial purists. However, many still soldiers on instead of accepting loss of face. This group is a unique mixture of people with different ethnic background.<br />
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The pure racists weren’t exactly torchbearers of white brotherhood. They, in fact, put down southern and eastern Europeans dismissing them as less pure. So, there were eastern and southern Europeans trying to uphold their honour. Adding to the mix were Asians who thought they were too strong that they didn’t need white social justice warriors’ protection(as they thought). Their belief was that races were scientifically true but these white rationalists mask that truth to protect them from white racists. However, most of the western scientists opposed the classification purely for scientific reasons and as things turned out they were true throughout. I wouldn’t say, there weren’t non-scientists who opposed it purely from its effect on society. However, even their lack of scientific background doesn’t negate the fact that their rational thinking was far more nuanced than these Asian race warriors'. Sometimes, I feel Asian race warriors regress into argument from incredulity fallacy. They don't sound much different from theists who believe in god because they don't understand how things work. These Asian race warriors support racism because they don't understand the multiple concepts put forth by non-scientist humanists to oppose racism.<br />
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These individuals forget that it's not about them or their ability but it's about a dangerous idea and how it affects a group as a whole. Even if some groups have moved up, how racism affects more vulnerable smaller groups. Sometimes the groups that were at the receiving end of the prejudices in the past, now with their new political and social power, perpetuating it on other groups while forgetting the fact that they could move up in the first place because mainstream society rejected the idea <b><i>legally</i></b>.<br />
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A similar behavioural pattern could be observed among underprivileged castes with their caste pride in Indian society. Also, some of the OBC individuals’ opposition to social justice initiatives.<br />
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Coming back to the original topic of this post, there were other scientists who were sceptical about the medical utility of these studies. In their opinion, if anything, medicine has to be individualised(N-to-one). Group medicine will always have the same drawbacks of universal medicine.<br />
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I’ve seen individuals being turned off by the whole field of modern medicine(which they then start calling using that abusive term, “allopathy”) as some times drugs don’t work on them. These aren’t Hindutva/right-wing nuts. It would be nice if N-to-one can help these small percentage of the population at a reasonable cost. Their frustration and pain sometimes can have a greater influence on society, helping the quacks along the way.<br />
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Related:<br />
https://bantwal.blogspot.com/2008/07/human-genetics-and-racial-categories.html</div>
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Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-42668196626648346032019-09-07T00:04:00.000+05:302019-09-07T09:25:06.904+05:30Origin of the Caste System - I<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(19)30967-5?fbclid=IwAR1ku3d-qMg50PsPmQkV__VXfkw4M6aJYT1Qzekh5g4cUPHvlkijdlbw7-g" target="_blank">According to a new study on an IVC ancient DNA</a>, there was no European component in the genetic makeup of the Rakhigarhi individual dated around 2800-2300 BCE. The Steppe component appeared 2000-1500 BCE onwards. During this period, Indus Valley Civilization was in total decline.<br />
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According to the authors, this IVC component is still the biggest among Indians. So, evidently, after the decline of the IVC, the people still survived. What would have been their condition? Most likely their society might have been in a disarray. There would have been no proper political structure and there might have been chaos. This would have been an ideal time for an invading group to impose itself politically and culturally on a people who had lost a unifying identity and political leadership. A similar situation one might observe throughout our history.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
What we observe in the early stage of the caste system is the dominance of Indo-European deities. However, in due course, those deities became minor. The new dominant ones like Shiva and Vishnu appear to be an assimilation of native traditions with the Vedic tradition but within the caste structure. In my opinion, there could have been two exclusive phases in the interaction between Indo-Europeans and the IVC people.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
- Broken IVC people enabling the IEs to impose their culture and create a caste system with themselves in the highest position</div>
<div>
- Re-emergence native traditions which were then assimilated with the Vedic culture. However, without changing the caste hierarchy (though only Brahmins matter)</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
We can observe that this became a template for Brahmins wherever they migrated in the subcontinent - keep the caste hierarchy and assimilate the native traditions with the Vedic culture.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The only way to describe a situation where outsiders imposed their culture on the natives and kept themselves at the top of the hierarchy is "invasion".</div>
</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-64705531281676837902019-05-25T17:05:00.001+05:302019-05-26T00:17:57.008+05:30mujh se pehli si mohabbat na maang - by Faiz Ahmed Faiz<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Don’t ask me for the love of the years gone...</div>
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Don’t ask me for the love of the years gone...</div>
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<br /></div>
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I thought you were the lone light in this world,</div>
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With you, no sorrow of the world would ever touch me. </div>
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Your face was what gives nature her color,</div>
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And what is there to seek that I don’t find in your eyes…</div>
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And what is there to seek that I don’t find in your eyes!</div>
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<br /></div>
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If you are with me, it didn't matter if fortune frowns... </div>
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Countless centuries of dark cruel magic</div>
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woven in rich elaborate silk,<br />
Flesh sold in the dark alleys everywhere,</div>
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Bodies draped in dust, bathed in blood,</div>
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My eyes turn to this now and I cannot help... </div>
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Don’t ask me for the love of the years gone...</div>
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Don’t ask me for the love of the years gone...</div>
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SHEhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13745372398687632767noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-86199555610961449842019-04-18T15:23:00.002+05:302020-01-05T18:25:23.966+05:30Hindutva Movement and Muslim Population Growth - I<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
I've read two different analyses on the social impact of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" target="_blank">Babri Masjid demolition </a>by the BJP on Indian Muslims. I wouldn't say they are opposite views as both could be true under certain conditions. I would call them the Bleak view and the Sunny view.<br />
<br />
According to the Bleak view:<br />
By late 80s Muslims were slowly opening up to mainstream India. They had started showing great interest in education. But Babri Masjid demolition in 1992 changed all that. They again became inward-looking and more conservative.<br />
<br />
According to the Sunny view:<br />
Muslims felt betrayed and disillusioned with their leaders. They started questioning them, their backwardness and poverty and tried to find new ways to achieve progress.<br />
<br />
With the Sunny view, I would guess, Muslims would have become more mainstream and with the Bleak view, they should have regressed further.<br />
<br />
I wanted to check if there was any measure for these two views.<br />
<br />
In my opinion, this should reflect in their population growth. Any progress in a group should reflect in their women's extended education, later marriage and smaller family size.<br />
<br />
To observe this, I needed to compare the population growth of Indian Muslims relative to other groups with a similar background but which weren't exposed to majoritarian communalism. The Indian Muslims who weren't exposed to Hindu communalism were Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. Even though, both Pakistan and Bangladesh have non-Muslim minorities, I would consider them as 100% Muslim as the Muslim population make up nearly 90% or more in those regions. Even otherwise, it wouldn't make much of a difference as Muslim population growth has always been higher than the Hindu population growth.<br />
<br />
Here is their population in absolute numbers (million):<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 408px;">
<colgroup><col style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 3258; mso-width-source: userset; width: 70pt;" width="93"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 4352; mso-width-source: userset; width: 94pt;" width="125"></col>
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</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt; width: 48pt;" width="64"></td>
<td style="width: 70pt;" width="93">India(Muslims)</td>
<td style="width: 94pt;" width="125"> Pakistan</td>
<td style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> Bangladesh</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">1981</td>
<td align="right">80.3</td>
<td align="right">91</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> 89.9</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">1991</td>
<td align="right">106.7</td>
<td align="right">122.2</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> 111.5</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">2001</td>
<td align="right">138.2</td>
<td align="right">156.8</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> 130.5</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">2011</td>
<td align="right">172.2</td>
<td align="right">187.3</td>
<td class="xl63" style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> 152.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div>
Pakistan and Bangladesh had similar population size in 1981 whereas Indian Muslims population was 10million(1 crore) smaller in size compared to these two countries. </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The percentage growth in each decade would be:</div>
<div>
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<col style="mso-width-alt: 4352; mso-width-source: userset; width: 94pt;" width="125"></col>
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<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt; width: 48pt;" width="64"></td>
<td style="width: 70pt;" width="93"> I</td>
<td style="width: 94pt;" width="125"> P</td>
<td style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> B</td>
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<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">81-91</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">33%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">34%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">24%</td>
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<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">91-01</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">30%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">28%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">17%</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td class="xl66" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">01-11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">25%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">19%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">17%</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
As I understand, until the 70s-80s, the population growth of all these countries increased as the maternal and infant mortality reduced without the corresponding decrease in fertility rate. So, it's not surprising that the decade of 1981-91 shows very high growth rate. Relatively, while Indian Muslims and Pakistanis show similar growth, Bangladeshis show remarkably lower growth. The growth starts slowing down in the decades following that.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Our interest is in the decades after 1991, when the Hindutva movement reached its pinnacle with the destruction of the Babri Masjid. Here, we see some surprising results. Let's consider the drop in population growth rate in all three regions.</div>
<div>
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<col style="mso-width-alt: 3258; mso-width-source: userset; width: 70pt;" width="93"></col>
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<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt; width: 48pt;" width="64"></td>
<td class="xl66" style="width: 70pt;" width="93"> I</td>
<td class="xl66" style="width: 94pt;" width="125"> P</td>
<td class="xl66" style="width: 95pt;" width="126"> B</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">'91-'01</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">-10%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">-17%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">-29%</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">'01-'11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">-17%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">-31%</td>
<td align="right" class="xl65">-1%</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Bangladesh shows dramatic drop between the decade of 81 and the decade of 91. Pakistan comes next. We need to remember while Bangladesh had continued the trend, Pakistan with a higher growth rate than India, showed a relatively greater drop. This trend continued in the decade after that as well. However, it appears Bangladesh growth rate drop has stabilized. Even though Pakistan shows a bigger drop percentage-wise, it still has the biggest Muslim population because of its higher starting number. By 2001, Indian Muslims had overtaken Bangladeshi Muslims in sheer numbers though they had started with a smaller size.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Does this say anything? </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
In my opinion, it shows the Bleak view is correct. Indian Muslims became more inward-looking and conservative. Pakistan with its fundamentalist outlook would have had higher population growth whatever might be the social situation. But the Indian outlook wasn't the same. However, let's consider that all Indian Muslims have the typical outlook of Pakistanis. In this case, let's consider the Indian Muslim population in absolute numbers with Pakistani decadal percentage growth.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Pessimistic case scenario:</div>
<div>
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<colgroup><col style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 3258; mso-width-source: userset; width: 70pt;" width="93"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt; width: 48pt;" width="64">2001</td>
<td align="right" style="width: 70pt;" width="93">136.911293</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">2011</td>
<td align="right">163.542635</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
That's in 2011, by pessimistic estimation, the Indian Muslim population would have been 9 million (90 lakh) smaller than the actual population(See above). </div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Let's take Bangladesh as the best case, and consider Indian Muslims having the typical outlook of Bangladeshi Muslims. Then the population growth in absolute numbers would be:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Best case scenario:</div>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 125px;">
<colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 4352; mso-width-source: userset; width: 94pt;" width="125"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt; width: 94pt;" width="125">2001 124.8820628</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">2011 145.9349776</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
In the best case scenario, there would have been 26 million (2.6 crores)fewer Muslims in India by 2011.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
But in my opinion, the better model would be that the Indian Muslim outlook is somewhere between the best case and the pessimistic case. I would consider all Hindi speaking Muslims making nearly 75% of the Indian Muslim population as culturally closer to Pakistanis and the rest to Bangladeshis. So, with 0.75P + 0.25B, the decadal growth and the absolute numbers would be:</div>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 192px;">
<colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 4468; mso-width-source: userset; width: 96pt;" width="128"></col>
<col style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt; width: 96pt;" width="128">2001 25%</td>
<td align="right" style="width: 48pt;" width="64">133.904</td>
</tr>
<tr height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl65" height="19" style="height: 14.5pt;">2011 19%</td>
<td align="right">159.0822</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
The Indian Muslim population would have been 13 million(1.3 crores) smaller in 2011 than the actual number.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
What we need to observe here is that the Indian Muslim population increased more than the pessimistic expectation in the decades after 1991.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
This affirmation of the Bleak view gives an ironical twist to the Hindutva movement's goals. They typically try to polarize the population by invoking the bogey of Muslim population growth and how it's going to make Hindus a minority in India. However, the BJP with its core Hindutva ideology might have indirectly responsible for an additional 10 million Muslim population in India. The BJP also wants to project itself as a liberator of Indian Muslim women by implementing the Uniform Civil Code. But with their communal movements, they might have ruined the dreams of many Muslim women by indirectly forcing them to stop education, marry early and have more children. </div>
</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-36307199902687969142019-01-01T10:47:00.000+05:302019-03-27T14:36:59.568+05:30OBC generations<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The so-called generation epithets bestowed in the West are, probably, not applicable to Indians. Also, there couldn't be a single characterization of the generations within India too considering the gulf in the cultural and social milieu in which different castes live. Here I venture out to characterize only the OBCs as I've lived their experiences.<br />
<br />
I broadly classify them into two generations: Generation E and Generation F.<br />
<br />
Generation E:<br />
- E stands for Enlightened<br />
- From 1900 to 1960<br />
- Less religious to atheists: Many educated ones with direct experience with the caste system clearly saw how religion was used to suppress them with the priests at the top of the hierarchy. The advancements in medicine helped them to overcome the fear of diseases and helplessness with fertility or reproduction.<br />
- They moved to diverse fields - from science to arts - and mostly lost their caste specific occupations<br />
- Socialism/communism gave them a hope for a new identity<br />
- Many educated ones were radical and rational in their outlook and had a voice in the communities<br />
- Men were on an average more educated than women: Men ranged from illiterates to highly educated and women from illiterates to under-educated.<br />
- Mostly poor to middle class<br />
- Politically irrelevant<br />
<br />
Generation F:<br />
- F stands for Fucked-up<br />
- From 1960 to 2020<br />
- Religious nuts to Communal atheists: No longer experience overt caste discrimination. Muslim hatred is the hallmark of this generation which makes them blind to new Brahmanical indoctrination in the form of Hindutva. The new fears in the form of educational attainment and job security substituted the old fears of diseases and fertility and gods and priests again got their place back.<br />
- Most of this generation entered professional fields and one can't find any diversity among them<br />
- The economic failure of socialism/communism makes it no longer appealing and right-wing Hindutva fills the vacuum<br />
- The dominant voices in the communities are from the people with extreme religiosity and bigotry<br />
- Women are on an average more educated than men. Even the educated men can't scale up to the levels attained by the generation E, because of higher competition and narrowness of their opted fields<br />
- Mostly middle class<br />
- Politically relevant</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-25937076075454113952018-11-20T10:46:00.001+05:302018-11-20T11:02:42.516+05:30If India wasn't partitioned<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
National<br />
1. India might have still lost the 1962 war<br />
2. The civilian democracy would have still survived<br />
3. The nation would have become strongly federal<br />
<br />
International<br />
1. The USA would have found it difficult to support Afghan Mujahideen<br />
2. The communist dictatorship in Afghanistan would have survived<br />
3. The Soviet Union would have lingered bit longer<br />
4. The Taliban would have never been created<br />
5. The 9/11 might not have happened<br />
6. The ISIS wouldn't have been there<br />
<br />
Social<br />
1. Hindutva wouldn't have grown so strong<br />
2. The Babri Masjid would have survived<br />
<div>
3. Linguistic faultlines would have been exacerbated</div>
4. The Muslim birthrate would have come down quicker. The present-day Pakistan region would have had a smaller population than present-day Bangladesh region<br />
5. Conversions to Christianity and Islam from the caste system would have been higher<br />
6. Many regions with 30% Muslim population would have been close to 50% because of migrations and conversions<br />
7. There would have been stronger OBC and Dalit movements</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-2611663064316170622018-11-18T16:32:00.000+05:302018-11-18T16:34:24.344+05:30About prayers<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
I guess one could distinguish between acceptable prayers and unacceptable prayers as one would do between acceptable bribery and unacceptable bribery.<br />
<br />
Here prayer is for the future gains or thanking the deity for any gains.<br />
<br />
Acceptable:<br />
1. sickness<br />
2. fertility<br />
3. impending fatal danger<br />
4. clearing an exam<br />
<br />
Unacceptable:<br />
1. surviving an accident in which many others perished<br />
2. for jobs<br />
3. for better grades<br />
4. more money<br />
<br />
Basically, anything where the believer is the only beneficiary is acceptable, however, in situations where it appears as if god/s has/ve to take sides praying is unacceptable. One shouldn't put limits on gods for the greater good of the society.</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-31265056898016831162018-11-10T14:38:00.001+05:302018-11-13T15:00:23.119+05:30Of human behaviour<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
There is a thinking that human society progressively improves. But the present situation where the right-wing is in ascendence makes one wonder. Many Sci-Fi TV serials or movies show that the basic human nature is consistent and never transcend even after amazing technological innovations. So, our imagined future as depicted in Science Fiction or the reality where the right-wing is getting away with atrocious statements and deeds tells otherwise. I wonder whether we need to disassociate human society from human nature.<br />
<br />
I may not be able to define basic human nature. I'll put them into the following categories.<br />
1. Humans with criminal tendencies(or selfish streak) who can be part of all the classes and who can harm the society for their benefit<br />
2. Humans in survival mode who probably form most of the lower and middle class and probably majority women, and who generally maintain the status-quo though always under the impression that they are doing good<br />
3. Humans defined by the puritanical definition of "good", can be anyone from an Islamic fundamentalist to a Vegan activist, who can bring radical changes to the society by generally suffocating it<br />
4. Humans with individualistic streak who can be part of all the classes, who are always a positive influence on the society but lack the resources and mindset to sustain it<br />
<br />
Typically, the nature of the sedentary human society was decided by the males from the groups (1) and (3) and sustained by the conflict-weary group (2). This is known as patriarchal or feudal society. Now, most of the societies have become liberal or culturally socialist societies. This was achieved by the coming together of groups (4) and (2).<br />
<br />
But what we can observe that group (2) isn't a reliable group. Their survival instincts can be manipulated easily. As the oppression by the feudal society is a thing of past, they can no longer associate inhumanity with the patriarchal ideas. This has allowed groups (1) and (3) to regain power.<br />
<br />
However, the laws of the society have been successfully changed for the benefit of the majority in many cases during the socialist interlude. Now, the new feudal power can oppress minority populations(which itself can be divided into all those four groups) while maintaining group (2)'s sense of security.<br />
<br />
Basically, the new laws are responsible for the continuous evolution of the society in a positive direction. However, majority humans within that have continued to be in the same mental attitude as their forefathers.</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-82603653837577581392018-10-26T23:40:00.000+05:302018-10-26T23:40:41.844+05:30Random Thoughts - Our Election Process<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
As our political landscape changes from the one between centre-left and left parties to right-wing and left-wing, I wonder whether we need to have a system similar to the US without their presidential democracy. Maybe, we need the NDA and UPA having primaries first before contesting against each other.<br /><br />With each day passing, crony capitalism (or sophisticated corruption of the highest order) is becoming murkier. We at least need people to get a chance to vote based on country's economy rather than ideology or at least need to give them a chance to vote where communal polarization is irrelevant so that they can choose candidates based on other competencies.<br /><br />Then again, the candidates need to raise the money twice but I guess that could be circumvented by having only one campaign and back to back primary and main elections.</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-16190125980836020222018-10-17T22:20:00.000+05:302018-10-17T22:20:21.584+05:30The migrant population - i<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
<a href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181017094935.htm" target="_blank">Societies can remain distinct despite migration</a></div>
<div>
Via Science Daily</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
I guess it's inevitable that studies like this would be carried out in a greater number considering the present situation. It is a must to understand;<br />- What would be the allowable migrant percentage in a country?<br />- Is that percentage a constant with every ethnic group or can go up or down considering the privileged position of the culture and the language those migrating populations bring?<br />- If the acculturation is possible in 2-3 generations, how do we calculate the effective migrants?<br />- Is the allowable percentage calculated without any consideration of different identities or is it specific to one identity?<br />- Is this percentage calculation considers ghettoisation?<br /><br /><br />I guess this study is a good start.<br /><br /><blockquote class="tr_bq">
He added: "While the models here might counter extreme conservative claims that any level of migration is detrimental for the maintenance of cultural traditions, they also count against extreme liberal claims that migration can never be too high.<br />"For very high rates of migration (e.g. where half the population is replaced by immigrants in every generation) then cultural variation between societies is typically eroded completely.<br />"While such levels exceed modern-day migration rates, such a situation might resemble past colonisation events.</blockquote>
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Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-88079552135726668152018-09-30T22:13:00.000+05:302018-10-01T14:47:16.876+05:30Our matrilineal future - II<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
In this video, there is a strong argument for double-barrelled surnames, where you pass the surname according to your gender to the next generation. This is a good proposal as it keeps the uniparental lineages of both sides in every generation intact.<br />
<br />
But for simplicity, I'll still stick to surname inheritance based on your gender in each generation. Maybe if you've children of only one gender, double-barrelled look reasonable, however, I still don't agree with that as it shows surnames have some kind of significance and people have the need to pass their identity. That kind of thinking should be made invalid. On the other hand, "I'll take up my wife's surname because smash the patriarchy" is another extreme which trivialises the whole thing by making it a joke and thus general population don't find anything wrong with the current situation.<br />
<a href="https://www.bbc.com/ideas/videos/seven-simple-solutions-to-the-surname-dilemma/p06hrgj9" target="_blank"><br /></a>
<a href="https://www.bbc.com/ideas/videos/seven-simple-solutions-to-the-surname-dilemma/p06hrgj9" target="_blank">Surname Dilemma, via BBC</a></div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-13350472329788121562018-09-07T13:51:00.000+05:302018-09-07T13:51:05.315+05:30Random Thoughts - Love_Lust<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
"I am homoromantic; I feel platonic love, but have no sexual desires."<br /><a href="http://www.rediff.com/getahead/report/asexual-and-proud-of-it/20180906.htm">Asexual and proud of it</a><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Maybe I should have used 'romance' instead of 'amour'!</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span>
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">So the present list includes:</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Heterosexual-Heteroamoural -> Anna Karenina (Fictional, Anna Karenina), Max Weber</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Heterosexual-Homoamoural -> Nick Carraway (Fictional, The Great Gatsby), Tom Daley</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Heterosexual-Inamoural -> Emma Bovary (Fictional, Madame Bovary)</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Homosexual-Homoamoural -> Uncle Frank (Fictional, Little Miss Sunshine)</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Homosexual-Heteroamoural -> Francis Bacon, Freddie Mercury, Chirlane McCray</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">,</span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> </b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Brandon Ambrosino</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Homosexual-Inamoural -> ?</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Asexual-Heteroamoural-> Emy, a French woman, Devi, Gill, Jon and Ian from UK</span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Asexual-Homoamoural -> <b>Vibhor Sen</b></span><br style="background-color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", Trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-family: "trebuchet ms", trebuchet, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;">Asexual-Inamoural -> ?</span></div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-26186863637072520742018-08-18T10:51:00.002+05:302018-08-20T23:33:40.726+05:30Fandry, Sairaat and a new wave of realism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
In the 50s, Raj Kapoor was busy making movies where the protagonist was mostly a poor man. Nargis was Kapoor's co-star in many of these movies. (She was, of course, the rich girl) Kapoor's movies were entertainers and no where close to reality.<br />
<br />
In 1955, first of Satyajit Ray's movies - Pather Panchali was released. He made a few more movies based in rural India. (Apart from the Pather Panchali trilogy, there is Ashani Sanket, based on the Bengal famine) I think, this can be seen as start of realism in Indian movies.<br />
<br />
In the 80s, Nargis, who worked in Kapoor's many "poor-man" movies accused Ray of "showcasing Indian poverty to the world". I read that it was her maiden speech as Rajya Sabha member and I think she can be forgiven for the comment. (One has to say something in speeches after all, she wanted the world not to see India as poor but as a progressive country.) Satyajit Ray, of course, stands acquitted. But this comment draws me to the mark Marathi movies are making today, portraying poor and underprivileged people.<br />
<br />
Starting with Sairaat, Sairaat is about a boy from a family of fishermen, who loves a girl from a rich family in his village. Their life in the village and life after they run to the city is shot with realism very rare for a commercial movie with song and dance numbers. Then I wanted to watch Fandry by the same director (Nagaraj Manjule). If I thought Sairaat was real, then Fandry took realism few notches up. (Actually Fandry was shot before Sairaat and the director brought realism few notches down.)<br />
<br />
Fandry was also about a teenage boy who loves a girl of "upper caste" and is really ashamed of his family - who have to do the odd cleaning jobs in the village, cleansing the village of pigs for one. It's difficult to believe that the protagonist's father - Kishore Kadam, is a professional actor and not an amateur picked for the role! And the boy - Somnath Avghade (maybe 13 when he acted in the movie) had expressions on his face that one cannot have after one grows up. (I think some facial muscles become dormant by constant un-use) He has very few dialogues in his voice that is cracking up as he is attaining puberty, even though he is on the screen for most of the scenes. Acting and technology in Marathi movies has taken a big leap since the last Marathi movie - Shwaas (2004) that I had watched.<br />
<br />
The third movie in my list was Chauranga, a Hindi movie, I realized disappointingly once I started watching - A NFDC produced movie. As some cliched dialogues came up and as I saw some familiar faces, I realized it's just like any other movie. (I'm only half way through, though.) Made for pan-India and the age old story of exploitation of the "lower-caste" woman by "upper-caste" male. (among other things)<br />
<br />
But the realization for me here is that Indian audience is adjusting to the realism and thanks to Social Media there is nothing hidden about a country to the outside world and one can be as close to real as one can dare. But, as I read in another article, movies that are made for pan-India and with commercial motives and market dynamics in mind (like Dhadak which is a remake of Sairaat in Hindi) cannot really dare!</div>
SHEhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13745372398687632767noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8973162.post-51901193146963282192018-08-14T11:40:00.001+05:302018-08-18T11:12:31.668+05:30New age Vaidikism Vs Buddhism/Jinaism<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
The kind of blatant attacks on the AAP politicians by the central government run by Hindutvites reminds me of Brahmin and Kshatriya supremacy disputes that led to the creation of Buddhism and Jinaism by the Kshatriya intellectuals. At the time, Brahmins with the help of the caste system, other Kshatriyas and the Sudras who became the rulers but remained subservient could prevail upon the religions which didn't have anything for the married people.<br />
<br />
The present-day Hindutva movement, even though termed as Brahmin-Bania, is basically brahmanical in its ethos. But the merchant castes are its strongest backers including the Jains who are now only next to Brahmins in casteism.<br />
<br />
Mr Kejirwal's party can attract many from the merchant castes in its fold if it grows in strength and the BJP dreads that scenario. So, we now see unprecedented attacks on the AAP members as if the Hindutva party's existence depends upon its decimation.<br />
<br />
It's interesting while the Kshatriya religions, talked about 'ahimsa'(non-violence) when that Varna itself was the main perpetrator of the physical violence in the society. It's a different matter altogether that with the infuse of merchants and Brahmins, who weren't directly responsible for the physical violence, ahimsa focussed on non-human violence. A while ago, I made a comment that for merchants, true ahimsa meant they would cease to practice corrupt practices as that would lead to misery in the society. For Brahmin converts, it should have been the violence that they inflicted in the society in the form of the caste system. But if you see present-day Jains, then both corruption and casteism have become part-parcel of the religion making the mockery of its founders.<br />
<br />
With this background, it's interesting to note that Mr Kejriwal's movement was against corruption which, just as Kshatriyas, is against the dominant practice of the Varna he was born. But it can get corrupted and ideology-less, self-preserving brahmanical Hindutva party can still prevail in the end.</div>
Manju Edangamhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00474338169829802934noreply@blogger.com0